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Session 02: CPUs and Motherboards

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Session 02

CPUs and Motherboards

Agenda

  • iconIntroduce CPUs
  • iconIntroduce Motherboards
  • iconInstall a CPU
  • iconIntroduce CPU Coolers
  • iconInstall a CPU Cooler

The CPU

A CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the brain of the computer, responsible for executing instructions and processing data.

Processors are made up of billions of components called transistors, which act as tiny switches that help process and execute instructions.

CPU

CPU Characteristics

  • iconClock Speed (measured in GHz)
  • iconNumber of Cores
  • iconGeneration (or version)
  • iconCache

Note: CPUs can execute billions of instructions per second!

Intel and AMD Brands

There are two major CPU brands to choose from: AMD and Intel.

  • iconThey are fierce rivals, but both make incredible processors.
  • iconThe Golden Rule: They are NOT interchangeable. An Intel CPU requires an Intel motherboard, and an AMD CPU requires an AMD motherboard.
Intel AMD

PGA vs. LGA Sockets

How the CPU connects to the motherboard depends on the brand and generation:

  • iconLGA (Land Grid Array): The delicate pins are on the motherboard socket. The bottom of the CPU is flat. (Used by all modern Intel and AMD AM5 CPUs).
  • iconPGA (Pin Grid Array): The delicate pins are directly on the bottom of the CPU. (Used by older AMD AM4 CPUs).

🚨 NEVER touch the pins on a motherboard socket or a PGA CPU! 🚨

The Motherboard

A motherboard is the main circuit board of a computer, connecting all components like the CPU, RAM, and storage so they can work together.

Motherboard

Motherboard Characteristics

  • iconChipset - Determines compatibility with processors, RAM, and storage devices.
  • iconCPU Socket - The connector that houses the processor.
  • iconRAM Slots - Provides space for memory modules.
  • iconExpansion Slots - Includes PCIe slots for graphics cards, sound cards, and other upgrades.
  • iconPower Connectors - Delivers power from the PSU to the board.
  • iconStorage Connectors - Supports SSDs, HDDs, and M.2 drives.
  • iconUSB & Connectivity Ports
  • iconForm Factor - Defines the size and shape.

Installing a CPU

warning sign

This is one of the most delicate tasks of assembling a computer! Listen carefully to the installation instructions.

How to Install a CPU

  1. iconOpen the socket
  2. iconAlign the CPU to the correct position (look for the triangles)
  3. iconGently seat the CPU into the socket
  4. iconLock the CPU in the socket

Hands-On Task

Practice installing a CPU into an LGA socket and an older PGA socket.

CPU Cooling

CPUs run very hot!

Without a cooling fan, a CPU can overheat within seconds to minutes under heavy load.

CPU Coolers (Air)

  • iconHeatsinks: Draw heat away from the CPU.
  • iconFans: Push cool air through the heatsink to cool it down.

⬇️ Press down for Water Cooling info

CPU Cooler

Water Cooling

Uses a radiator, fluid, a pump, and a metal block to cool the CPU.

  • iconBetter cooling performance
  • iconRequires maintenance
  • iconSlightly more difficult assembly

Installing a CPU Cooler

  1. iconApply fresh thermal paste in a small, pea-sized amount at the center of the CPU (Skip for GTE Camp Stations)
  2. iconAlign the new fan and heatsink with the mounting holes on the motherboard
  3. iconSecure the heatsink by pressing down or screwing it in place, ensuring even pressure
  4. iconConnect the fan cable to the CPU fan header on the motherboard

Cooler Challenge!

Try installing a cooler other than the one at your station.

'F' → Fullscreen